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The Palace of the Kraków Bishops in Kielce ((ポーランド語:Pałac Biskupów Krakowskich w Kielcach)),〔 was built in the 17th century as a summer residence of Bishops of Kraków in Kielce, Poland. The architecture of the palace constitute a unique mélange of Polish and Italian traditions and reflects political ambitions of its founder.〔 Currently the palace houses a branch of the National Museum with an important gallery of Polish paintings.〔 ==History== The residence of the Kraków (Cracow) Bishops in the city of Kielce,〔 was founded by bishop Jakub Zadzik, Great Crown Chancellor.〔 The structure, erected between 1637 and 1644, was covered with a high-storey twin roofs and accomplished with towers on the corners.〔 Its symmetrical, tripartite plan, loggias, towers and interior layout refer to the Royal residences dating back the 1620s and 1630s, including Ujazdów Castle and the Villa Regia. The design of the palace is attributed to Tommaso Poncino of Lugano (ca. 1570–1659),〔〔 author of numerous works of sacred and secular architecture in Kraków, Łowicz, Warsaw, Bright Mountain as well as in the Holy Cross region.〔 Initially before the palace was a courtyard enclosed by walls with ceremonial gateway from the city, the rear garden, called ''Italian'', an orchard, all surrounded by a wall with embrasures and 2 bastions.〔 One of the bastions was later converted into a gunpowder tower. The whole complex including the Collegiate Church,〔 cour d'honneur, palace, garden and tower was aligned with a Bernardine Monastery on Karczówka hill (established 1624–1628).〔 The palace was expanded in the 18th century and converted into a French-style residence ''entre cour et jardin''.〔 One-storey wings were erected on both sides of the courtyard, one of them was connected by an indoor porch with the collegiate and a seminary of the Holy Trinity Church, funded by the bishop Konstanty Felicjan Szaniawski.〔 The garden was embellished with French-style greenhouses, while large stables, coach houses, riding school, a granary and a brewery were erected in the palace complex.〔 After the nationalization of bishop's estates in 1789, the palace was the seat of various institutions - the Main Directorate of Mining (1816–1827) and the country's first technical university - Mining Academy and later the seat of the Kielce province authorities (1867–1914).〔 During the Second Republic the 17th-century cupolas on the towers, removed in the 19th century, were restored.〔 The interior space was reconstructed - the 18th-century ceilings were removed exposing beam ceilings and friezes. Between 1919–1939 and 1945–1970 the palace housed the Provincial Office.〔 The structure was converted into a museum in 1971.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Palace of the Kraków Bishops in Kielce」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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